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NEW YORK (Reuters Life!) – Television ads for junk food really do make children hungry for those treats, especially if they watch a lot of television, according to a study. The findings, published in Pediatrics, come amid growing calls to ban junk food advertisements aimed at children in order to combat obesity -- most recently from the American Academy of Pediatrics, which issued a policy statement on junk food ads on Monday. In tests with 6- to 13-year olds, researchers led by Emma Boyland of the University of Liverpool in the UK found that a DVD featuring commercials for fast food and junk food seemed to whet children's appetites for sweet and high-fat fare. tiffany necklace silver

"Exposure to television food commercials enhanced high television viewers' preferences for branded foods and increased reported preferences for all food items (branded and unbranded) relative to the low television viewers," she wrote. The children involved in the research reported a greater desire for sweet and fatty foods after viewing the junk-food ads compared to days when they watched commercials for toys. tiffany cufflinks

This was especially true for children who usually watched a lot of TV in their everyday lives, with "a lot" defined by the researchers as over 21 hours a week. On average, kids wanted more high-carb, high-fat foods after watching food commercials. But researchers said the effects of the food ads were modest, making only a small difference in the average number of food items the children said they wanted "right now." In real life, as well, a lot of other factors would be at work, including parents' willingness to buy those foods. "It will never be possible to demonstrate in an experimental study that food advertising contributes to obesity. tiffany necklace white gold

There are simply too many variables to take into account," Boyland wrote in an email to Reuters Health. On the other hand, a number of studies have no shown that children tend to want more, and eat more, tasty treats after seeing ads for them. With older children, who often make their own food choices, that could translate into more french fries and chocolate bars. Even young children have "pester power," with studies suggesting they are more likely to use that power if they see a lot of food commercials. tiffany charms

"This study confirms the cumulative, sustained effect of food marketing on TV: the more children watch TV, the more susceptible they are to advertising," said Lori Dorfman, who directs the Berkeley Media Studies Group in California and has studied food marketing to children. "This might not be so bad if food marketers put their best foods forward, but they don't," Dorfman, who did not take part in the study, told Reuters Health by email. Dorfman noted that children now watch TV on their computers and mobile gadgets as well as at home on TV, which can add up to a lot of hours. Dorfman said that parents should limit TV time, but added that they need help. "It's simply not fair to expect parents alone to counter the $2 billion food companies spend each year targeting their kids with fun, irresistible ads for sugary, high-fat, salty foods," she added. cheap tiffany

Apology over cardiology list accepted The National Health Board has apologised for wrongly claiming in a draft press release that Dunedin Hospital's cardiac surgery waiting times were "among the worst in New Zealand". The statement was withdrawn and did not appear in the final release after cardiac surgeon and Southern District Health Board chief medical officer Richard Bunton emailed the board expressing "considerable offence" and "dismay" at the statement.

tiffany and co outlet He said Southern's waiting list statistics were among the best in the country. Dunedin had the highest intervention for cardiac surgery in New Zealand, carrying out more public procedures per head of population than anywhere else. Its waiting list performance was well within what was set out in the Minister of Health's clinical network, performed to a high level, and was reviewed weekly, he said.

tiffany & co outlet This is revealed in material released to the Otago Daily Times under the Official Information Act relating to the lead-up to the announcement earlier this month that an NHB team was to assess systems at Dunedin Hospital. In a draft media release, the cardiac surgery waiting times were listed as one of the issues which had prompted the assessment.

In his email to NHB deputy director Michael Hundleby, Mr Bunton said systems reviews, "if correctly carried out for the correct reasons and if they result in better delivery of health care then there can be no argument".

tiffany jewelry outletAt the end of his letter, referring to cardiac surgery, he said "with all due respect, another time-wasting review is neither indicated (there is clearly not an issue) or warranted". Mr Hundleby, in an email to Mr Bunton, said he understood the offence and dismay Mr Bunton had taken at the draft. "Something got lost in the translation and certainly the language used was not what we intended. tiffany outlet

I'd like to personally apologise for our error." In response to Otago Daily Times' questions, Mr Hundleby said when the draft was being prepared the Southern board, on one booking indicator, was behind the other four cardiac centres and this had been translated in the draft to a broader statement. "Southern pointed this out and we changed it, which of course is the point about sharing drafts. tiffany rings

" Asked if the inclusion of the erroneous claim in two early drafts indicated the national board's own systems might be called into question, Mr Hundleby said it was legitimate to include an area where it appeared the board was performing poorly against other boards when a systems' review was planned. It would seem curious not to look at that, he said. tiffany earrings

However, it seemed there had been a " blip" where Southern's waiting list had peaked above the maximum number allowed and that was what had led to the statement in the draft. Mr Bunton had accepted his apology. What had been released to the Otago Daily Times showed the incomplete internal workings of both the national board and Southern on the joint terms of reference, he said. The material forwarded by Mr Bunton to Mr Hundleby showed that at the end of the first week in May, Southern District Health Board was the only centre to have carried out more cardiac surgery than planned. tiffany bracelet

AA seeks Ocean Dr trade-off The New Zealand Automobile Association's Otago district council is again calling for a compromise on John Wilson Ocean Dr, before a crucial meeting today that could decide the road's future use. tiffany necklace silver

Councillors at today's Dunedin City Council meeting will vote on whether to send the issue back to the council's community development committee, as suggested by Cr Bill Acklin, to study new options for the road's future use. A "yes" vote would keep the debate alive, while a "no" vote would mean councillors were sticking by an earlier decision to keep the road permanently closed to vehicles. tiffany men's necklace

However, NZAA Otago district council chairman Jack Crawford on Saturday issued a statement calling for a "suitable compromise" to be considered, allowing motorists and other users to share the road. That was based on results of a survey sent to about 7000 association members in Dunedin last week, of which 1586 were returned, he said. tiffany necklace

The results showed 66.9% did not believe the road should be permanently closed to vehicles, while 30.3% supported the vehicle ban. However, results from other survey questions also showed members would be "happy to accept compromise", perhaps by allowing vehicles from 9am to 5pm each day. That would give "the self-propelled community free rein the rest of the time", including evenings during daylight savings, he said. tiffany charms

Continuing the vehicle ban would mean "very few" people would use the road when the weather was poor, he argued. "These results come as no surprise to me. AA membership these days is pretty representative of the adult community at large. "It seems to me that with a little bit of thought, access to the drive can be organised in a manner that would suit most visitors to the area. tiffany necklace white gold

" It was the second time the association had surveyed its members about John Wilson Ocean Dr, after similar consultation before last year's public hearing, where it argued for shared use of the road. Arguments at the hearing had included those for and against vehicle access, a vehicle ban or shared use of the road. The panel eventually recommended upgrading the road for shared use, with a walking and cycling pathway and other facilities to cater for motorists, cyclists, pedestrians and other users. tiffany pendants

Councillors initially backed a proposal to spend $487,519 on the upgrade, but last month voted to remove the funding from the 2011-12 draft annual plan, which would also be confirmed at today's meeting.

tiffany necklaceMother pleads for help finding her son The last conversation Lee Hall had with her son, missing Palmerston North man Brett Hall, was about two of his favourite things – his house and his grandkids. She is desperate to know what has happened to Mr Hall, who disappeared from his rural Whanganui property sometime between May 27 and 29. In a statement released to the Manawatu Standard, Mrs Hall appealed for people to aid the police investigation, and had some harsh words for anyone who may have harmed her son. tiffany men's necklace

Mrs Hall saw her son about once a week, but last spoke with him on May 24. "We talked about the house he was building and his grandchildren and the things they said to him," she said. "He adored his grandchildren, he was always talking about them and they just adored their granddad and they want him back." Family and friends were devastated and shocked at news of his disappearance, and Mrs Hall has struggled to sleep. "I can't think straight or concentrate, my mind just goes blank. I ask over and over `Brett where are you'? tiffany necklace silver

"Our lives have been turned upside down for no reason other than for someone else's greed or just plain evil doing. I pray those people rot in hell. "I think he has been forcibly taken from his property by more than one person and taken to goodness knows where. "Those people beware, you will be found." Mrs Hall described her son as an easy-going guy who was quick to laugh but could be serious when required. "He could get angry if someone annoyed him or ripped him off but then so do most people.

tiffany necklace white gold "Someone out there knows what happened to my son and hopefully they will have the decency to come forward." Mr Hall has a son and two grandchildren, aged four and one, and was in the process of building his dream house at the Pitangi Track property, she said. "His dream was to own a block of land in the country surrounded by bush. He had such plans for that place, it was to be his El Dorado." An outdoors man who enjoyed fishing and hunting, Mr Hall was known to trap possums on his land and sell the fur. He had planned to create an orchard and large garden on the property. tiffany charms

cheap tiffany and co jewelry Mrs. Obama to youth: History to be made in Africa OHANNESBURG – Michelle Obama on Wednesday told young African leaders, including members of South Africa's post-apartheid generation, that there are more causes worth fighting for and more history to be made. She urged them to be the ones who end hunger, wipe out HIV/AIDS and protect women's rights. In an emotionally stirring speech at a church that became a popular refuge during the fight against government-imposed segregation in South Africa, America's first lady drew on the struggle for racial equality in the U.S. and in this country as she sought to inspire young people to become the next generation of problem-solvers. tiffany earrings

"I know that as your generation looks back on that struggle and on the many liberation movements of the past century, you may think that all the great moral struggles have already been won," Mrs. Obama said in a keynote address to a U.S.-sponsored leadership conference for more than 70 young African women. "But while today's challenges might not always inspire the lofty rhetoric and high drama of struggles past, the injustices at hand are no less glaring. The human suffering is no less acute. "So make no mistake about it: There are still so many causes worth sacrificing for. There is still so much history yet to be made," she said. Sixty percent of Africa's population is under age 25 and two-thirds of South Africans are younger than 30, Mrs. Obama said. tiffany cufflinks

The first lady said this generation can be the one that brings prosperity to forgotten corners of the world, banishes hunger from Africa and ends HIV/AIDS and the stigma associated with it. She said they can ensure that women are no longer treated as second-class citizens, that girls get an education and that any type of violence against women is seen as a violation of human rights. "That is the history that your generation can make," Mrs. Obama said. She received an effusive introduction from Graca Machel, the wife of former South African President Nelson Mandela, who said Mrs. Obama is the "queen of our world." That welcome, which included music from a choir whose members wore colorful Zulu hats, was so rousing that Mrs. Obama was visibly moved by the time she got to the microphone. She shook her head as if in disbelief, crossed her arms over her chest and thanked the audience of 2,000 for that "almost overwhelming" introduction. tiffany charms

A large television screen aired the speech to dozens more gathered in a nearby park. In her remarks, Mrs. Obama told Africa's youth to reject the "false comfort" that they shouldn't be concerned about the suffering of others and to not get impatient over the slow pace of change. She told them to not underestimate their power to make a difference and suggested that they think of one another's accomplishments when self-doubt starts to creep in. She said she was thinking about the young activists who met at the American Library in Soweto during the apartheid era to read Martin Luther King Jr.'s speeches and about students on U.S. college campuses, including her future husband, who planned boycotts to support students in South Africa. Nearly 50 years after the victories of the U.S. civil rights movement, Mrs. Obama said, "We still struggle every day to perfect our union and live up to our ideals. And every day, it is our young people who are leading the way" by joining the military, teaching in struggling schools and volunteering countless hours in their communities. tiffany pendants

"Today, I want you to know that as you seek to lift up your families, your communities, your countries and our world, you are never alone," she said. Mrs. Obama delivered her 30-minute address at the Regina Mundi Church in the black township of Soweto. The church became more than a religious sanctuary 35 years ago, in June 1976, when police fired upon thousands of students who were peacefully protesting the government's decision to require them to begin studying in Afrikaans, the language of the country's Dutch settlers. Students fled into the church but police followed, with tear gas and bullets. No one was killed inside Regina Mundi, but hundreds did die that day, including a 13-year-old school boy named Hector Pieterson, who became a symbol of the Soweto uprisings. After the speech, Mrs. Obama helped lay flowers at a memorial to Pieterson near to where he was shot. She also toured an adjacent museum that tells his story. Mrs. tiffany accessories

Obama was accompanied by Pieterson's sister, Antoinette Sithole, who is seen running alongside the man carrying her brother's lifeless body in a famous photograph from that time. She also dropped in on group sessions involving participants from the leadership conference, and later helped pull up carrots and plant spinach in a garden at a U.S.-funded community center in Soweto that feeds and provides services to 300 children. She arrived in Cape Town on Wednesday night. Mrs. Obama is halfway through a weeklong goodwill mission to South Africa and Botswana, and is promoting youth leadership, education, health and wellness, and closer relations with Africa. cheap tiffany

She also is steeping herself and her family in South Africa's racist past. The first lady is on her second international trip without the president, but for company she brought along her two daughters, Malia, 12, and Sasha, 10; her mother, Marian Robinson, and a niece and nephew, Leslie and Avery Robinson, 15 and 19, respectively. They are the children of her brother, Craig. Her schedule Thursday included a ferry ride to Robben Island, where Mandela spent 18 of his 27 years in prison for leading the anti-apartheid movement; a meeting with Archbishop Desmond Tutu, another leading apartheid opponent; and a discussion with disadvantaged students who are spending the day at the University of Cape Town. cheap tiffany and co

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